臥式爐(lu)(lu)的爐(lu)(lu)底面(mian)比立式爐(lu)(lu)的爐(lu)(lu)底面(mian)容易(yi)搗(dao)固,因為(wei)金屬熔溝基本(ben)上是平放(fang)著,僅(jin)僅(jin)略帶傾斜,這(zhe)有利于用鐵扦將石英砂(sha)搗(dao)結實。
臥式爐熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝安放(fang)要呈傾斜(xie)(xie)(xie)狀,不(bu)應完金(jin)(jin)(jin)平(ping)放(fang),傾斜(xie)(xie)(xie)度約18。,因(yin)為(wei)完全平(ping)放(fang)不(bu)利于液體金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)的(de)熱(re)(re)循環(huan),感(gan)應電(dian)爐中金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)的(de)運動,不(bu)只(zhi)是(shi)由于電(dian)磁現(xian)象(xiang)所引(yin)(yin)起(qi)(qi)的(de),同(tong)時(shi)也為(wei)熱(re)(re)現(xian)象(xiang)所引(yin)(yin)起(qi)(qi),因(yin)為(wei)熱(re)(re)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)與(yu)冷金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)的(de)比重不(bu)一樣(yang),過熱(re)(re)的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)是(shi)位于熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝后(hou)面(mian)狹(xia)帶(dai)部(bu)份,較(jiao)冷的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)則在(zai)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝的(de)前而(er)和與(yu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝相連的(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)池(chi)內,這樣(yang)就能引(yin)(yin)起(qi)(qi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)的(de)熱(re)(re)循環(huan),從而(er)使(shi)(shi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)池(chi)內的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)逐漸得到升熱(re)(re)。如果將(jiang)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝完全平(ping)放(fang),實踐證明將(jiang)使(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)加熱(re)(re)時(shi)間延長,從現(xian)象(xiang)上(shang)也能看到,在(zai)加熱(re)(re)過程(cheng)中,電(dian)流表上(shang)的(de)指針產生不(bu)停(ting)地(di)搖擺,這種現(xian)象(xiang)的(de)產生說明了(le)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝內的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)導體在(zai)不(bu)停(ting)地(di)發生瞬息(xi)斷(duan)路,于是(shi)使(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)加熱(re)(re)放(fang)慢了(le)速(su)度,將(jiang)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝呈傾斜(xie)(xie)(xie)狀安放(fang),則能改善熱(re)(re)循環(huan)條件,從而(er)加快金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)的(de)加熱(re)(re)。
筑(zhu)爐安放熔(rong)溝時(shi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)實際(ji)操(cao)作中必(bi)須使用量具來(lai)求取傾斜(xie)角度,只要在(zai)(zai)(zai)擱放熔(rong)溝前部時(shi),砌兩層斧形磚(zhuan),將熔(rong)溝安放在(zai)(zai)(zai)斧形磚(zhuan)的(de)斜(xie)面上,即能達到傾斜(xie)度的(de)要求,非常(chang)簡便。
能使保溫爐內的液體金屬直接進入結晶器內,是依靠裝置在爐身前墻內的石墨底座,實際上石墨底座既是金屬的流出口,又足使爐子與結晶器的連接器,一端伸入熔池內,在金屬流出口上安裝一個石墨制塞桿,旋開石墨塞桿,液體金屬便從石墨底座的管道流入與之相連的結晶器內,將石墨塞桿旋緊,液體金屬被堵住不能外流,另一端被埋在前墻爐壁內,用一塊外方內圓有錐度的耐火磚使其位置固定。
應(ying)當(dang)指(zhi)出,石(shi)(shi)墨底座(zuo)在砌爐時不(bu)能完(wan)全埋在石(shi)(shi)英(ying)砂中(zhong)(zhong),應(ying)使其體積的一(yi)半露出石(shi)(shi)英(ying)砂底使它泡在熔融金(jin)屬(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)金(jin)屬(shu)一(yi)同加熱,實(shi)踐(jian)證(zheng)明,石(shi)(shi)墨底座(zuo)完(wan)全或絕(jue)大部(bu)份被埋在石(shi)(shi)英(ying)砂內,當(dang)金(jin)屬(shu)流入結(jie)晶(jing)器之前,就有被降低溫度而影(ying)響拉鑄。