臥(wo)式爐(lu)(lu)的爐(lu)(lu)底(di)(di)面比(bi)立式爐(lu)(lu)的爐(lu)(lu)底(di)(di)面容(rong)易搗固,因為金(jin)屬熔溝基本上是平(ping)放著,僅(jin)僅(jin)略帶傾斜,這有(you)利于用鐵扦將石英砂搗結實。
臥式爐熔(rong)(rong)溝安放(fang)要呈(cheng)傾(qing)斜(xie)狀,不(bu)應(ying)完(wan)金(jin)(jin)(jin)平放(fang),傾(qing)斜(xie)度(du)約(yue)18。,因(yin)為(wei)完(wan)全(quan)平放(fang)不(bu)利于(yu)液體(ti)(ti)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)的熱(re)循環(huan),感應(ying)電爐中(zhong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)的運動(dong),不(bu)只是(shi)(shi)由于(yu)電磁現象所(suo)引(yin)起(qi)的,同時也為(wei)熱(re)現象所(suo)引(yin)起(qi),因(yin)為(wei)熱(re)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)與(yu)冷(leng)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)的比重不(bu)一樣(yang),過(guo)熱(re)的金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)位于(yu)熔(rong)(rong)溝后面狹帶部份,較(jiao)冷(leng)的金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)則在熔(rong)(rong)溝的前而(er)和與(yu)熔(rong)(rong)溝相連的熔(rong)(rong)池內(nei),這樣(yang)就能(neng)引(yin)起(qi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)的熱(re)循環(huan),從而(er)使熔(rong)(rong)池內(nei)的金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)逐漸(jian)得到(dao)升熱(re)。如果(guo)將熔(rong)(rong)溝完(wan)全(quan)平放(fang),實踐證(zheng)明(ming)將使金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)加(jia)熱(re)時間(jian)延長,從現象上也能(neng)看到(dao),在加(jia)熱(re)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),電流表上的指針產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)停地(di)(di)搖(yao)擺,這種現象的產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)說明(ming)了熔(rong)(rong)溝內(nei)的金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)導體(ti)(ti)在不(bu)停地(di)(di)發生(sheng)(sheng)瞬息(xi)斷路,于(yu)是(shi)(shi)使金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)加(jia)熱(re)放(fang)慢了速度(du),將熔(rong)(rong)溝呈(cheng)傾(qing)斜(xie)狀安放(fang),則能(neng)改善熱(re)循環(huan)條件,從而(er)加(jia)快金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)的加(jia)熱(re)。
筑爐安放熔溝(gou)時,在實際操作中必須(xu)使用量具來求取傾斜角度,只要(yao)在擱放熔溝(gou)前部時,砌兩(liang)層斧(fu)形磚,將熔溝(gou)安放在斧(fu)形磚的斜面(mian)上,即能達到傾斜度的要(yao)求,非常簡(jian)便。
能使保溫爐內的液體金屬直接進入結晶器內,是依靠裝置在爐身前墻內的石墨底座,實際上石墨底座既是金屬的流出口,又足使爐子與結晶器的連接器,一端伸入熔池內,在金屬流出口上安裝一個石墨制塞桿,旋開石墨塞桿,液體金屬便從石墨底座的管道流入與之相連的結晶器內,將石墨塞桿旋緊,液體金屬被堵住不能外流,另一端被埋在前墻爐壁內,用一塊外方內圓有錐度的耐火磚使其位置固定。
應當(dang)指出(chu),石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨底座在(zai)砌爐時不能完(wan)全埋在(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)砂中(zhong)(zhong),應使(shi)其(qi)體積的一半露(lu)出(chu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)砂底使(shi)它泡在(zai)熔融金(jin)屬(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)和金(jin)屬(shu)一同加熱,實踐(jian)證明,石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨底座完(wan)全或絕大部份被埋在(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)砂內(nei),當(dang)金(jin)屬(shu)流入(ru)結晶器之前,就有被降(jiang)低溫(wen)度而影響拉鑄。