臥式(shi)(shi)爐的爐底面比立式(shi)(shi)爐的爐底面容易搗(dao)固(gu),因為金屬熔溝基(ji)本上是平放著,僅僅略帶傾(qing)斜,這有利于用鐵(tie)扦將石英砂(sha)搗(dao)結實。
臥式(shi)爐熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝安放要呈傾斜狀,不應(ying)完金(jin)(jin)平(ping)(ping)放,傾斜度約18。,因(yin)為完全平(ping)(ping)放不利于(yu)(yu)液體金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)循環,感應(ying)電爐中(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運動,不只是由于(yu)(yu)電磁現(xian)(xian)象所引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)為熱(re)(re)現(xian)(xian)象所引起,因(yin)為熱(re)(re)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)與冷(leng)(leng)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比重(zhong)不一樣,過熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)是位于(yu)(yu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝后面狹帶部份,較冷(leng)(leng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)則(ze)(ze)在熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前而和與熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝相(xiang)連的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)池內(nei),這樣就能(neng)引起金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)循環,從而使熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)池內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)逐漸得到升熱(re)(re)。如果將(jiang)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝完全平(ping)(ping)放,實(shi)踐證(zheng)明將(jiang)使金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)加(jia)熱(re)(re)時(shi)(shi)間延長,從現(xian)(xian)象上也(ye)(ye)能(neng)看到,在加(jia)熱(re)(re)過程中(zhong),電流表上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指針產生(sheng)不停地(di)(di)搖擺,這種現(xian)(xian)象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產生(sheng)說明了熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)導(dao)體在不停地(di)(di)發生(sheng)瞬息斷路,于(yu)(yu)是使金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)加(jia)熱(re)(re)放慢了速(su)度,將(jiang)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝呈傾斜狀安放,則(ze)(ze)能(neng)改善熱(re)(re)循環條(tiao)件,從而加(jia)快金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)熱(re)(re)。
筑爐安放熔溝(gou)時,在(zai)實際操(cao)作中必須(xu)使用量(liang)具(ju)來求取傾(qing)斜(xie)角(jiao)度(du)(du),只(zhi)要(yao)在(zai)擱(ge)放熔溝(gou)前(qian)部(bu)時,砌兩層斧形磚,將熔溝(gou)安放在(zai)斧形磚的斜(xie)面上,即能達到(dao)傾(qing)斜(xie)度(du)(du)的要(yao)求,非常(chang)簡便。
能使保溫爐內的液體金屬直接進入結晶器內,是依靠裝置在爐身前墻內的石墨底座,實際上石墨底座既是金屬的流出口,又足使爐子與結晶器的連接器,一端伸入熔池內,在金屬流出口上安裝一個石墨制塞桿,旋開石墨塞桿,液體金屬便從石墨底座的管道流入與之相連的結晶器內,將石墨塞桿旋緊,液體金屬被堵住不能外流,另一端被埋在前墻爐壁內,用一塊外方內圓有錐度的耐火磚使其位置固定。
應當指出,石(shi)墨(mo)底座在(zai)砌爐時不(bu)能完全埋在(zai)石(shi)英砂中,應使其體積(ji)的一(yi)半露出石(shi)英砂底使它泡在(zai)熔(rong)融金屬(shu)中和(he)金屬(shu)一(yi)同(tong)加熱(re),實踐證明,石(shi)墨(mo)底座完全或絕大部份被(bei)埋在(zai)石(shi)英砂內,當金屬(shu)流(liu)入結晶器之前,就(jiu)有被(bei)降低溫度而影響拉(la)鑄。