臥(wo)式(shi)爐(lu)(lu)的爐(lu)(lu)底(di)面(mian)比(bi)立式(shi)爐(lu)(lu)的爐(lu)(lu)底(di)面(mian)容(rong)易搗固(gu),因為金屬(shu)熔溝基本上是平(ping)放著,僅僅略帶傾斜,這有(you)利(li)于用(yong)鐵扦將(jiang)石英(ying)砂(sha)搗結實。
臥式(shi)爐熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)安(an)放(fang)要呈(cheng)傾斜(xie)狀,不(bu)(bu)應完金(jin)平放(fang),傾斜(xie)度約18。,因為完全(quan)平放(fang)不(bu)(bu)利于(yu)(yu)液體金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)循環,感(gan)應電爐中金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)運動(dong),不(bu)(bu)只是(shi)由于(yu)(yu)電磁現(xian)象(xiang)所引起(qi)的(de)(de),同(tong)時(shi)也為熱(re)(re)現(xian)象(xiang)所引起(qi),因為熱(re)(re)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)與冷(leng)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)比重不(bu)(bu)一(yi)樣(yang),過熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)位于(yu)(yu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)后面(mian)狹(xia)帶部份,較(jiao)冷(leng)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)則(ze)在(zai)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)的(de)(de)前而和與熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)相連(lian)的(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)池內(nei),這(zhe)樣(yang)就能(neng)引起(qi)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)循環,從(cong)而使熔(rong)(rong)(rong)池內(nei)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)逐(zhu)漸得(de)到(dao)升熱(re)(re)。如果將熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)完全(quan)平放(fang),實踐證明(ming)將使金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)加(jia)熱(re)(re)時(shi)間延長(chang),從(cong)現(xian)象(xiang)上也能(neng)看到(dao),在(zai)加(jia)熱(re)(re)過程(cheng)中,電流(liu)表上的(de)(de)指針產(chan)生不(bu)(bu)停地(di)搖(yao)擺,這(zhe)種現(xian)象(xiang)的(de)(de)產(chan)生說明(ming)了熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)內(nei)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)導體在(zai)不(bu)(bu)停地(di)發(fa)生瞬息斷路,于(yu)(yu)是(shi)使金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)加(jia)熱(re)(re)放(fang)慢(man)了速度,將熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)呈(cheng)傾斜(xie)狀安(an)放(fang),則(ze)能(neng)改善(shan)熱(re)(re)循環條(tiao)件(jian),從(cong)而加(jia)快金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)加(jia)熱(re)(re)。
筑爐安放熔(rong)(rong)溝時(shi),在(zai)實際操作(zuo)中(zhong)必須使用(yong)量具來求取傾斜角度,只要在(zai)擱放熔(rong)(rong)溝前部時(shi),砌兩層斧(fu)形磚(zhuan),將熔(rong)(rong)溝安放在(zai)斧(fu)形磚(zhuan)的(de)斜面上,即能(neng)達到傾斜度的(de)要求,非常簡便。
能使保溫爐內的液體金屬直接進入結晶器內,是依靠裝置在爐身前墻內的石墨底座,實際上石墨底座既是金屬的流出口,又足使爐子與結晶器的連接器,一端伸入熔池內,在金屬流出口上安裝一個石墨制塞桿,旋開石墨塞桿,液體金屬便從石墨底座的管道流入與之相連的結晶器內,將石墨塞桿旋緊,液體金屬被堵住不能外流,另一端被埋在前墻爐壁內,用一塊外方內圓有錐度的耐火磚使其位置固定。
應(ying)當指出(chu),石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)底座在(zai)(zai)砌爐(lu)時不能完全埋(mai)在(zai)(zai)石(shi)(shi)英砂中,應(ying)使其體(ti)積的(de)一(yi)(yi)半露出(chu)石(shi)(shi)英砂底使它泡在(zai)(zai)熔融金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)中和金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)一(yi)(yi)同加熱,實踐證明,石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)底座完全或(huo)絕大(da)部份被埋(mai)在(zai)(zai)石(shi)(shi)英砂內,當金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)流入(ru)結晶(jing)器(qi)之前,就有被降低溫(wen)度而影響拉鑄。