臥式爐(lu)(lu)的爐(lu)(lu)底面比立(li)式爐(lu)(lu)的爐(lu)(lu)底面容易搗(dao)固,因為金屬熔(rong)溝基本上是平放著(zhu),僅(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)略帶(dai)傾(qing)斜(xie),這有利于用(yong)鐵扦將石(shi)英砂搗(dao)結(jie)實(shi)。
臥(wo)式(shi)爐熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)安放(fang)(fang)要呈傾斜狀,不(bu)(bu)(bu)應完金(jin)(jin)(jin)平放(fang)(fang),傾斜度(du)約18。,因(yin)為完全(quan)平放(fang)(fang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)利于(yu)液(ye)體金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)循環,感應電(dian)爐中(zhong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)運(yun)動(dong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)只是(shi)由于(yu)電(dian)磁現(xian)象(xiang)所引(yin)起的(de),同時(shi)也為熱(re)(re)(re)現(xian)象(xiang)所引(yin)起,因(yin)為熱(re)(re)(re)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)與(yu)冷(leng)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)比重不(bu)(bu)(bu)一樣,過熱(re)(re)(re)的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)位于(yu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)后面(mian)狹帶部份,較(jiao)冷(leng)的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)則在(zai)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)前而(er)和與(yu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)相連的(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)池內(nei)(nei),這樣就能(neng)引(yin)起金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)循環,從而(er)使熔(rong)(rong)(rong)池內(nei)(nei)的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)逐漸得(de)到升熱(re)(re)(re)。如果將熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)完全(quan)平放(fang)(fang),實踐證明將使金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)加熱(re)(re)(re)時(shi)間延長,從現(xian)象(xiang)上(shang)(shang)也能(neng)看(kan)到,在(zai)加熱(re)(re)(re)過程中(zhong),電(dian)流表(biao)上(shang)(shang)的(de)指針(zhen)產(chan)生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)停地搖(yao)擺,這種現(xian)象(xiang)的(de)產(chan)生(sheng)說明了熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)內(nei)(nei)的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)導體在(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)停地發(fa)生(sheng)瞬息斷(duan)路(lu),于(yu)是(shi)使金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)加熱(re)(re)(re)放(fang)(fang)慢了速度(du),將熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)呈傾斜狀安放(fang)(fang),則能(neng)改善(shan)熱(re)(re)(re)循環條件(jian),從而(er)加快金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)加熱(re)(re)(re)。
筑爐安放熔(rong)溝(gou)時(shi),在實際操(cao)作中(zhong)必須使用量(liang)具來求(qiu)取傾斜(xie)角(jiao)度,只要在擱放熔(rong)溝(gou)前部時(shi),砌兩層(ceng)斧形磚,將熔(rong)溝(gou)安放在斧形磚的斜(xie)面上,即(ji)能(neng)達到傾斜(xie)度的要求(qiu),非(fei)常簡便。
能使保溫爐內的液體金屬直接進入結晶器內,是依靠裝置在爐身前墻內的石墨底座,實際上石墨底座既是金屬的流出口,又足使爐子與結晶器的連接器,一端伸入熔池內,在金屬流出口上安裝一個石墨制塞桿,旋開石墨塞桿,液體金屬便從石墨底座的管道流入與之相連的結晶器內,將石墨塞桿旋緊,液體金屬被堵住不能外流,另一端被埋在前墻爐壁內,用一塊外方內圓有錐度的耐火磚使其位置固定。
應(ying)當指出,石(shi)墨底(di)座在砌爐(lu)時不(bu)能完(wan)全埋在石(shi)英砂(sha)(sha)中,應(ying)使(shi)其(qi)體積(ji)的一半露出石(shi)英砂(sha)(sha)底(di)使(shi)它(ta)泡在熔融金(jin)(jin)屬中和金(jin)(jin)屬一同加熱,實踐證明,石(shi)墨底(di)座完(wan)全或絕大(da)部份(fen)被(bei)埋在石(shi)英砂(sha)(sha)內,當金(jin)(jin)屬流入結晶器之(zhi)前(qian),就有被(bei)降低溫度而影(ying)響(xiang)拉鑄。