臥式(shi)爐(lu)(lu)的爐(lu)(lu)底(di)面(mian)比立式(shi)爐(lu)(lu)的爐(lu)(lu)底(di)面(mian)容易搗(dao)固,因為金屬熔溝基本上(shang)是平放著,僅(jin)僅(jin)略帶傾斜(xie),這有利于用(yong)鐵扦將石(shi)英砂搗(dao)結實。
臥式爐(lu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝安(an)放(fang)要呈傾(qing)斜狀(zhuang),不(bu)應完金(jin)平放(fang),傾(qing)斜度約(yue)18。,因為完全(quan)平放(fang)不(bu)利于液(ye)體(ti)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)循(xun)環(huan),感應電(dian)爐(lu)中金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)運動,不(bu)只是(shi)由于電(dian)磁現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)所(suo)引起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de),同時也為熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)所(suo)引起(qi)(qi),因為熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)與冷金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)比重不(bu)一樣,過(guo)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)位于熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝后面狹帶部份,較冷的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)則在熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝的(de)(de)前而(er)(er)和與熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝相連的(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)池內(nei),這樣就(jiu)能引起(qi)(qi)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)循(xun)環(huan),從而(er)(er)使(shi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)池內(nei)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)逐(zhu)漸得到(dao)升熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)。如果將熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝完全(quan)平放(fang),實(shi)踐(jian)證明將使(shi)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)時間延長,從現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)上也能看到(dao),在加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)過(guo)程中,電(dian)流表上的(de)(de)指針產(chan)生(sheng)不(bu)停(ting)(ting)地(di)搖擺,這種現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)產(chan)生(sheng)說明了熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝內(nei)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)導體(ti)在不(bu)停(ting)(ting)地(di)發生(sheng)瞬息斷路,于是(shi)使(shi)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)放(fang)慢了速度,將熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝呈傾(qing)斜狀(zhuang)安(an)放(fang),則能改善熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)循(xun)環(huan)條件,從而(er)(er)加(jia)快(kuai)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)。
筑(zhu)爐(lu)安放熔溝(gou)(gou)時(shi),在(zai)實(shi)際(ji)操作中(zhong)必須使用量具來求取(qu)傾斜角(jiao)度(du)(du),只(zhi)要在(zai)擱放熔溝(gou)(gou)前部時(shi),砌兩層(ceng)斧形(xing)磚,將熔溝(gou)(gou)安放在(zai)斧形(xing)磚的斜面上,即能(neng)達到(dao)傾斜度(du)(du)的要求,非(fei)常簡便。
能使保溫爐內的液體金屬直接進入結晶器內,是依靠裝置在爐身前墻內的石墨底座,實際上石墨底座既是金屬的流出口,又足使爐子與結晶器的連接器,一端伸入熔池內,在金屬流出口上安裝一個石墨制塞桿,旋開石墨塞桿,液體金屬便從石墨底座的管道流入與之相連的結晶器內,將石墨塞桿旋緊,液體金屬被堵住不能外流,另一端被埋在前墻爐壁內,用一塊外方內圓有錐度的耐火磚使其位置固定。
應(ying)當(dang)(dang)指(zhi)出(chu),石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)底座在(zai)(zai)砌爐時不能完全埋(mai)在(zai)(zai)石(shi)(shi)英砂中,應(ying)使(shi)其(qi)體積的(de)一(yi)半露出(chu)石(shi)(shi)英砂底使(shi)它泡在(zai)(zai)熔融(rong)金(jin)屬中和金(jin)屬一(yi)同加熱,實踐證明(ming),石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)底座完全或絕大部(bu)份被埋(mai)在(zai)(zai)石(shi)(shi)英砂內(nei),當(dang)(dang)金(jin)屬流入(ru)結晶器之(zhi)前(qian),就(jiu)有被降低溫(wen)度而(er)影響(xiang)拉鑄。