臥(wo)式爐(lu)的爐(lu)底(di)(di)面比立式爐(lu)的爐(lu)底(di)(di)面容易搗(dao)固,因為金屬熔溝(gou)基本上是平放著,僅僅略(lve)帶(dai)傾斜,這有利于用鐵扦將石(shi)英砂(sha)搗(dao)結實。
臥式爐熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)安放(fang)(fang)(fang)要呈傾(qing)斜(xie)狀,不應(ying)完(wan)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)平放(fang)(fang)(fang),傾(qing)斜(xie)度(du)約18。,因(yin)為完(wan)全(quan)平放(fang)(fang)(fang)不利于(yu)液體(ti)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)熱(re)(re)循(xun)(xun)環,感(gan)應(ying)電爐中金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)運動,不只(zhi)是由于(yu)電磁(ci)現(xian)象(xiang)所引起(qi)的(de),同時也(ye)為熱(re)(re)現(xian)象(xiang)所引起(qi),因(yin)為熱(re)(re)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)與冷金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)比重不一樣(yang),過(guo)(guo)熱(re)(re)的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)是位于(yu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)后面狹帶部(bu)份,較冷的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)則(ze)在熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)的(de)前而和與熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)相連的(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)池內(nei),這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)就能(neng)引起(qi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)熱(re)(re)循(xun)(xun)環,從而使熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)池內(nei)的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)逐漸得到升(sheng)熱(re)(re)。如果將(jiang)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)完(wan)全(quan)平放(fang)(fang)(fang),實踐(jian)證(zheng)明將(jiang)使金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)加熱(re)(re)時間延(yan)長,從現(xian)象(xiang)上也(ye)能(neng)看到,在加熱(re)(re)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中,電流表上的(de)指針產生不停地(di)(di)搖擺,這(zhe)(zhe)種現(xian)象(xiang)的(de)產生說明了(le)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)內(nei)的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)導體(ti)在不停地(di)(di)發生瞬息斷路,于(yu)是使金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)加熱(re)(re)放(fang)(fang)(fang)慢了(le)速度(du),將(jiang)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)呈傾(qing)斜(xie)狀安放(fang)(fang)(fang),則(ze)能(neng)改善熱(re)(re)循(xun)(xun)環條件(jian),從而加快金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)加熱(re)(re)。
筑爐安放(fang)熔(rong)溝時,在實際操作中必須使用(yong)量具來(lai)求取傾(qing)斜(xie)角度,只要在擱放(fang)熔(rong)溝前部時,砌兩層斧形(xing)磚,將熔(rong)溝安放(fang)在斧形(xing)磚的(de)斜(xie)面上,即能(neng)達(da)到傾(qing)斜(xie)度的(de)要求,非常簡便。
能使保溫爐內的液體金屬直接進入結晶器內,是依靠裝置在爐身前墻內的石墨底座,實際上石墨底座既是金屬的流出口,又足使爐子與結晶器的連接器,一端伸入熔池內,在金屬流出口上安裝一個石墨制塞桿,旋開石墨塞桿,液體金屬便從石墨底座的管道流入與之相連的結晶器內,將石墨塞桿旋緊,液體金屬被堵住不能外流,另一端被埋在前墻爐壁內,用一塊外方內圓有錐度的耐火磚使其位置固定。
應當指出(chu),石墨底(di)座在(zai)砌爐時不能完(wan)全埋(mai)在(zai)石英(ying)砂中(zhong)(zhong),應使(shi)其體積的一半露(lu)出(chu)石英(ying)砂底(di)使(shi)它(ta)泡在(zai)熔融(rong)金屬(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)和金屬(shu)一同(tong)加熱,實踐證明,石墨底(di)座完(wan)全或絕大部份被埋(mai)在(zai)石英(ying)砂內,當金屬(shu)流入結晶器之前,就有(you)被降低溫度而影響(xiang)拉鑄(zhu)。