臥(wo)式(shi)爐的爐底面比立式(shi)爐的爐底面容(rong)易搗固,因為金屬熔溝基本上是平放著,僅(jin)僅(jin)略(lve)帶傾(qing)斜,這有利(li)于用鐵扦將石英砂搗結實。
臥式爐熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)安放(fang)要呈(cheng)傾斜(xie)狀(zhuang),不(bu)應完金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)放(fang),傾斜(xie)度約18。,因(yin)為完全平(ping)(ping)(ping)放(fang)不(bu)利于(yu)液(ye)體金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)熱循環(huan),感應電爐中(zhong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)運動,不(bu)只(zhi)是(shi)由(you)于(yu)電磁(ci)現(xian)象(xiang)所引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de),同時(shi)也為熱現(xian)象(xiang)所引(yin)起,因(yin)為熱金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)與(yu)冷金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)重不(bu)一樣,過熱的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)位于(yu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)后面狹帶部份,較冷的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)則(ze)在(zai)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)的(de)(de)(de)前而(er)和與(yu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)相連的(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)池(chi)內(nei),這樣就能引(yin)起金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)熱循環(huan),從(cong)而(er)使熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)池(chi)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)逐漸得(de)到升熱。如果將(jiang)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)完全平(ping)(ping)(ping)放(fang),實踐證明將(jiang)使金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)加熱時(shi)間延(yan)長(chang),從(cong)現(xian)象(xiang)上也能看(kan)到,在(zai)加熱過程中(zhong),電流表上的(de)(de)(de)指針(zhen)產生(sheng)不(bu)停地搖擺(bai),這種現(xian)象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)產生(sheng)說明了(le)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)導體在(zai)不(bu)停地發生(sheng)瞬息斷路,于(yu)是(shi)使金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)加熱放(fang)慢了(le)速(su)度,將(jiang)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)呈(cheng)傾斜(xie)狀(zhuang)安放(fang),則(ze)能改善熱循環(huan)條件,從(cong)而(er)加快金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)加熱。
筑(zhu)爐安(an)放熔(rong)溝時(shi),在(zai)實際操(cao)作中必須(xu)使(shi)用量(liang)具來求(qiu)取傾斜(xie)角度,只要在(zai)擱放熔(rong)溝前部時(shi),砌(qi)兩層斧形磚,將熔(rong)溝安(an)放在(zai)斧形磚的(de)斜(xie)面上,即能達(da)到傾斜(xie)度的(de)要求(qiu),非常簡便。
能使保溫爐內的液體金屬直接進入結晶器內,是依靠裝置在爐身前墻內的石墨底座,實際上石墨底座既是金屬的流出口,又足使爐子與結晶器的連接器,一端伸入熔池內,在金屬流出口上安裝一個石墨制塞桿,旋開石墨塞桿,液體金屬便從石墨底座的管道流入與之相連的結晶器內,將石墨塞桿旋緊,液體金屬被堵住不能外流,另一端被埋在前墻爐壁內,用一塊外方內圓有錐度的耐火磚使其位置固定。
應(ying)當指出,石(shi)墨(mo)底座在砌(qi)爐時不能(neng)完(wan)全(quan)埋在石(shi)英砂中(zhong),應(ying)使(shi)(shi)其(qi)體積的一半露出石(shi)英砂底使(shi)(shi)它泡在熔融金屬(shu)中(zhong)和金屬(shu)一同加熱(re),實踐證明,石(shi)墨(mo)底座完(wan)全(quan)或絕大部份被(bei)埋在石(shi)英砂內,當金屬(shu)流入結晶器之前,就有被(bei)降低(di)溫度而影響拉(la)鑄。