臥式爐(lu)(lu)(lu)的爐(lu)(lu)(lu)底(di)面比(bi)立式爐(lu)(lu)(lu)的爐(lu)(lu)(lu)底(di)面容易搗固(gu),因(yin)為(wei)金屬熔溝基本上是(shi)平放著,僅(jin)僅(jin)略帶(dai)傾斜,這有利于用鐵(tie)扦將(jiang)石英(ying)砂搗結實。
臥式爐熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝安(an)放(fang)(fang)(fang)要呈傾(qing)斜狀,不(bu)應完金(jin)(jin)(jin)平放(fang)(fang)(fang),傾(qing)斜度約18。,因(yin)為(wei)完全(quan)平放(fang)(fang)(fang)不(bu)利(li)于液體金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)循(xun)環(huan),感(gan)應電(dian)爐中金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)運動,不(bu)只(zhi)是由于電(dian)磁(ci)現象(xiang)(xiang)所(suo)引起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de),同時(shi)也(ye)為(wei)熱(re)(re)(re)現象(xiang)(xiang)所(suo)引起(qi)(qi),因(yin)為(wei)熱(re)(re)(re)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)與冷金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)重不(bu)一樣,過熱(re)(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)是位于熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝后面狹帶部(bu)份,較冷的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)則在(zai)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)而和與熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝相連的(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)池內(nei),這樣就能引起(qi)(qi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)循(xun)環(huan),從而使(shi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)池內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)逐漸得到升熱(re)(re)(re)。如果將(jiang)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝完全(quan)平放(fang)(fang)(fang),實踐證明將(jiang)使(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)時(shi)間延(yan)長,從現象(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)也(ye)能看(kan)到,在(zai)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)過程中,電(dian)流(liu)表上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)指針(zhen)產(chan)生(sheng)不(bu)停(ting)地搖擺,這種現象(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)生(sheng)說明了(le)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)導體在(zai)不(bu)停(ting)地發生(sheng)瞬息斷路,于是使(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)放(fang)(fang)(fang)慢(man)了(le)速(su)度,將(jiang)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝呈傾(qing)斜狀安(an)放(fang)(fang)(fang),則能改善熱(re)(re)(re)循(xun)環(huan)條件,從而加(jia)(jia)快金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)。
筑爐安放熔(rong)(rong)溝(gou)時,在(zai)實際操作中必須使用量具來(lai)求取(qu)傾斜(xie)角(jiao)度,只要在(zai)擱放熔(rong)(rong)溝(gou)前部時,砌兩層斧形磚(zhuan),將熔(rong)(rong)溝(gou)安放在(zai)斧形磚(zhuan)的斜(xie)面(mian)上,即能達到(dao)傾斜(xie)度的要求,非常簡(jian)便(bian)。
能使保溫爐內的液體金屬直接進入結晶器內,是依靠裝置在爐身前墻內的石墨底座,實際上石墨底座既是金屬的流出口,又足使爐子與結晶器的連接器,一端伸入熔池內,在金屬流出口上安裝一個石墨制塞桿,旋開石墨塞桿,液體金屬便從石墨底座的管道流入與之相連的結晶器內,將石墨塞桿旋緊,液體金屬被堵住不能外流,另一端被埋在前墻爐壁內,用一塊外方內圓有錐度的耐火磚使其位置固定。
應(ying)當指出,石墨(mo)底(di)座在(zai)砌爐時不能完全埋在(zai)石英(ying)(ying)砂中(zhong),應(ying)使其體積的一半露(lu)出石英(ying)(ying)砂底(di)使它(ta)泡在(zai)熔(rong)融金屬中(zhong)和(he)金屬一同加熱,實踐(jian)證(zheng)明,石墨(mo)底(di)座完全或絕大部份被(bei)埋在(zai)石英(ying)(ying)砂內,當金屬流入結(jie)晶(jing)器之前,就有被(bei)降低溫(wen)度而影響拉鑄。