臥式(shi)爐的(de)爐底面比(bi)立式(shi)爐的(de)爐底面容易(yi)搗固,因為金屬熔(rong)溝基本上是(shi)平放著,僅僅略帶傾斜,這(zhe)有利于用鐵扦將石(shi)英砂搗結實。
臥式爐(lu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)安放(fang)(fang)要呈傾斜(xie)狀(zhuang),不(bu)應完金(jin)(jin)平放(fang)(fang),傾斜(xie)度(du)約(yue)18。,因為(wei)完全(quan)平放(fang)(fang)不(bu)利于液體金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)循(xun)環,感應電爐(lu)中(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)運動,不(bu)只是由于電磁現象(xiang)(xiang)所引起的(de)(de),同(tong)時也(ye)為(wei)熱(re)(re)(re)現象(xiang)(xiang)所引起,因為(wei)熱(re)(re)(re)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)與(yu)(yu)冷金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)比重不(bu)一樣,過熱(re)(re)(re)的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)是位于熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)后面狹帶(dai)部份,較(jiao)冷的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)則(ze)(ze)在(zai)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)前(qian)而(er)和與(yu)(yu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)相連(lian)的(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)池內,這樣就能(neng)引起金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)循(xun)環,從(cong)而(er)使熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)池內的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)逐漸得(de)到升熱(re)(re)(re)。如果將(jiang)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)完全(quan)平放(fang)(fang),實踐(jian)證明將(jiang)使金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)加熱(re)(re)(re)時間延長,從(cong)現象(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)(shang)也(ye)能(neng)看(kan)到,在(zai)加熱(re)(re)(re)過程中(zhong),電流表上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)指針產(chan)生不(bu)停地(di)搖擺,這種(zhong)現象(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)產(chan)生說明了(le)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)內的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)導(dao)體在(zai)不(bu)停地(di)發生瞬息斷路,于是使金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)加熱(re)(re)(re)放(fang)(fang)慢了(le)速度(du),將(jiang)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)呈傾斜(xie)狀(zhuang)安放(fang)(fang),則(ze)(ze)能(neng)改善熱(re)(re)(re)循(xun)環條件(jian),從(cong)而(er)加快(kuai)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)加熱(re)(re)(re)。
筑爐(lu)安(an)放(fang)熔溝時(shi),在(zai)實際操作中必須使用量具來(lai)求取傾(qing)(qing)斜角度,只要在(zai)擱放(fang)熔溝前部時(shi),砌兩層斧形磚,將熔溝安(an)放(fang)在(zai)斧形磚的斜面上(shang),即(ji)能(neng)達到傾(qing)(qing)斜度的要求,非(fei)常簡便(bian)。
能使保溫爐內的液體金屬直接進入結晶器內,是依靠裝置在爐身前墻內的石墨底座,實際上石墨底座既是金屬的流出口,又足使爐子與結晶器的連接器,一端伸入熔池內,在金屬流出口上安裝一個石墨制塞桿,旋開石墨塞桿,液體金屬便從石墨底座的管道流入與之相連的結晶器內,將石墨塞桿旋緊,液體金屬被堵住不能外流,另一端被埋在前墻爐壁內,用一塊外方內圓有錐度的耐火磚使其位置固定。
應(ying)當指(zhi)出(chu),石墨(mo)底(di)(di)座在砌爐時不能完全埋在石英(ying)(ying)砂(sha)中,應(ying)使其體積(ji)的一半露出(chu)石英(ying)(ying)砂(sha)底(di)(di)使它泡在熔融金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)中和金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)一同加熱(re),實踐證明,石墨(mo)底(di)(di)座完全或絕(jue)大(da)部份被埋在石英(ying)(ying)砂(sha)內,當金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)流入結晶器之前,就有被降(jiang)低(di)溫度而影(ying)響拉鑄(zhu)。