臥(wo)式爐(lu)的(de)爐(lu)底面(mian)比立(li)式爐(lu)的(de)爐(lu)底面(mian)容易搗固(gu),因為(wei)金屬(shu)熔溝基本上是平放著,僅僅略帶傾斜,這有利于用鐵扦(qian)將石英(ying)砂搗結實。
臥式爐熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)安(an)放要呈傾(qing)(qing)斜狀,不(bu)(bu)應完(wan)金平放,傾(qing)(qing)斜度(du)約18。,因(yin)為(wei)完(wan)全平放不(bu)(bu)利于液(ye)體金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的熱(re)(re)(re)循環,感應電爐中金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的運動(dong),不(bu)(bu)只是(shi)由于電磁現(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)所引(yin)起的,同(tong)時也為(wei)熱(re)(re)(re)現(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)所引(yin)起,因(yin)為(wei)熱(re)(re)(re)金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)與冷金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的比重不(bu)(bu)一樣,過熱(re)(re)(re)的金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)位于熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)后面狹帶(dai)部份,較冷的金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)則(ze)在熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)的前而(er)(er)和與熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)相連的熔(rong)(rong)(rong)池內(nei),這樣就能引(yin)起金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的熱(re)(re)(re)循環,從(cong)而(er)(er)使(shi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)池內(nei)的金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)逐漸得到(dao)升(sheng)熱(re)(re)(re)。如果將熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)完(wan)全平放,實(shi)踐證明(ming)將使(shi)金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)時間延長,從(cong)現(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)上也能看(kan)到(dao),在加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)過程中,電流表上的指針產生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)停(ting)地搖擺,這種現(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)的產生(sheng)說明(ming)了熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)內(nei)的金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)導體在不(bu)(bu)停(ting)地發生(sheng)瞬息斷路,于是(shi)使(shi)金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)放慢(man)了速度(du),將熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)呈傾(qing)(qing)斜狀安(an)放,則(ze)能改善(shan)熱(re)(re)(re)循環條件(jian),從(cong)而(er)(er)加(jia)快金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)。
筑爐安(an)放熔(rong)溝(gou)時,在實際操作中(zhong)必須使用量具來(lai)求取傾斜角度(du),只要(yao)在擱(ge)放熔(rong)溝(gou)前部時,砌(qi)兩層斧(fu)形(xing)磚,將熔(rong)溝(gou)安(an)放在斧(fu)形(xing)磚的(de)斜面(mian)上,即能達(da)到(dao)傾斜度(du)的(de)要(yao)求,非常簡便。
能使保溫爐內的液體金屬直接進入結晶器內,是依靠裝置在爐身前墻內的石墨底座,實際上石墨底座既是金屬的流出口,又足使爐子與結晶器的連接器,一端伸入熔池內,在金屬流出口上安裝一個石墨制塞桿,旋開石墨塞桿,液體金屬便從石墨底座的管道流入與之相連的結晶器內,將石墨塞桿旋緊,液體金屬被堵住不能外流,另一端被埋在前墻爐壁內,用一塊外方內圓有錐度的耐火磚使其位置固定。
應當指出,石墨底(di)座在(zai)砌爐時不能完(wan)全(quan)埋(mai)在(zai)石英(ying)砂中(zhong),應使其體積(ji)的一半露出石英(ying)砂底(di)使它泡在(zai)熔融金(jin)屬(shu)中(zhong)和金(jin)屬(shu)一同加熱(re),實踐證明,石墨底(di)座完(wan)全(quan)或絕大(da)部份(fen)被埋(mai)在(zai)石英(ying)砂內,當金(jin)屬(shu)流入結晶器之前,就有(you)被降低溫度而影響拉鑄。