臥(wo)式爐的爐底面比立式爐的爐底面容易(yi)搗固,因為金(jin)屬熔(rong)溝基本(ben)上是(shi)平(ping)放著,僅(jin)僅(jin)略帶傾斜,這有利于用鐵(tie)扦將石英砂搗結實。
臥式爐熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝安(an)放要(yao)呈傾斜狀(zhuang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)應(ying)完金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)平(ping)放,傾斜度約18。,因為(wei)完全(quan)平(ping)放不(bu)(bu)(bu)利于(yu)(yu)液體金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)熱(re)循環,感應(ying)電爐中(zhong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)運動(dong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)只是(shi)由于(yu)(yu)電磁現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)所引起的(de),同時(shi)也為(wei)熱(re)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)所引起,因為(wei)熱(re)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)與(yu)(yu)冷金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)比(bi)重不(bu)(bu)(bu)一樣,過熱(re)的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)位于(yu)(yu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝后面狹帶部份,較冷的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)則在熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝的(de)前(qian)而(er)和與(yu)(yu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝相連的(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)池內(nei),這(zhe)樣就能(neng)引起金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)熱(re)循環,從而(er)使熔(rong)(rong)(rong)池內(nei)的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)逐漸得到(dao)升(sheng)熱(re)。如果將熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝完全(quan)平(ping)放,實踐證明(ming)將使金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)加熱(re)時(shi)間(jian)延長,從現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)上(shang)也能(neng)看到(dao),在加熱(re)過程中(zhong),電流表上(shang)的(de)指針產生不(bu)(bu)(bu)停地搖擺,這(zhe)種(zhong)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)的(de)產生說明(ming)了熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝內(nei)的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)導(dao)體在不(bu)(bu)(bu)停地發生瞬息(xi)斷路,于(yu)(yu)是(shi)使金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)加熱(re)放慢了速度,將熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝呈傾斜狀(zhuang)安(an)放,則能(neng)改善熱(re)循環條(tiao)件,從而(er)加快金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)加熱(re)。
筑爐(lu)安放熔溝時,在(zai)實際操作中(zhong)必須(xu)使用量具來求(qiu)取(qu)傾(qing)斜(xie)角(jiao)度(du),只要在(zai)擱放熔溝前部(bu)時,砌兩層(ceng)斧形(xing)磚,將熔溝安放在(zai)斧形(xing)磚的(de)斜(xie)面(mian)上(shang),即能達(da)到傾(qing)斜(xie)度(du)的(de)要求(qiu),非常簡(jian)便(bian)。
能使保溫爐內的液體金屬直接進入結晶器內,是依靠裝置在爐身前墻內的石墨底座,實際上石墨底座既是金屬的流出口,又足使爐子與結晶器的連接器,一端伸入熔池內,在金屬流出口上安裝一個石墨制塞桿,旋開石墨塞桿,液體金屬便從石墨底座的管道流入與之相連的結晶器內,將石墨塞桿旋緊,液體金屬被堵住不能外流,另一端被埋在前墻爐壁內,用一塊外方內圓有錐度的耐火磚使其位置固定。
應當(dang)指出,石(shi)(shi)墨底座(zuo)在砌爐時不能完全埋(mai)(mai)在石(shi)(shi)英(ying)砂(sha)中,應使(shi)其體積的(de)一(yi)半露出石(shi)(shi)英(ying)砂(sha)底使(shi)它泡在熔融金(jin)屬中和(he)金(jin)屬一(yi)同加熱,實(shi)踐(jian)證明(ming),石(shi)(shi)墨底座(zuo)完全或絕大部份被(bei)埋(mai)(mai)在石(shi)(shi)英(ying)砂(sha)內,當(dang)金(jin)屬流入結晶器之(zhi)前,就有被(bei)降低(di)溫度而影響(xiang)拉(la)鑄(zhu)。