臥式爐(lu)(lu)的(de)爐(lu)(lu)底(di)面(mian)比(bi)立式爐(lu)(lu)的(de)爐(lu)(lu)底(di)面(mian)容易搗固,因為金屬熔(rong)溝基本(ben)上(shang)是平放(fang)著,僅(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)略(lve)帶傾斜(xie),這(zhe)有利于用鐵扦將石英砂搗結實。
臥式爐熔(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)安放(fang)要(yao)呈(cheng)傾斜狀,不(bu)(bu)(bu)應完金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)平(ping)放(fang),傾斜度約(yue)18。,因為完全平(ping)放(fang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)于液(ye)體金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的熱循(xun)環,感應電(dian)爐中金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的運動(dong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)只是(shi)(shi)由于電(dian)磁現(xian)象(xiang)所引起(qi)的,同(tong)時也為熱現(xian)象(xiang)所引起(qi),因為熱金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)與(yu)冷金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的比重不(bu)(bu)(bu)一樣(yang),過熱的金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)位于熔(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)后面狹帶部份(fen),較冷的金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)則在(zai)熔(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)的前(qian)而(er)(er)和與(yu)熔(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)相連的熔(rong)(rong)池內,這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)就能(neng)引起(qi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的熱循(xun)環,從而(er)(er)使(shi)熔(rong)(rong)池內的金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)逐(zhu)漸得到(dao)升熱。如果將熔(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)完全平(ping)放(fang),實踐(jian)證明將使(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)加(jia)熱時間延長,從現(xian)象(xiang)上(shang)也能(neng)看到(dao),在(zai)加(jia)熱過程中,電(dian)流表上(shang)的指(zhi)針產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)停地(di)搖擺,這(zhe)(zhe)種現(xian)象(xiang)的產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)說明了(le)熔(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)內的金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)導體在(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)停地(di)發生(sheng)瞬息斷路,于是(shi)(shi)使(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)加(jia)熱放(fang)慢(man)了(le)速度,將熔(rong)(rong)溝(gou)(gou)呈(cheng)傾斜狀安放(fang),則能(neng)改善(shan)熱循(xun)環條件,從而(er)(er)加(jia)快金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的加(jia)熱。
筑爐(lu)安放(fang)熔(rong)溝(gou)時(shi),在(zai)實際(ji)操作中必須使用量具來(lai)求取傾(qing)斜角度,只要在(zai)擱(ge)放(fang)熔(rong)溝(gou)前部(bu)時(shi),砌兩層斧形(xing)磚,將熔(rong)溝(gou)安放(fang)在(zai)斧形(xing)磚的(de)斜面上(shang),即能達到傾(qing)斜度的(de)要求,非常簡便(bian)。
能使保溫爐內的液體金屬直接進入結晶器內,是依靠裝置在爐身前墻內的石墨底座,實際上石墨底座既是金屬的流出口,又足使爐子與結晶器的連接器,一端伸入熔池內,在金屬流出口上安裝一個石墨制塞桿,旋開石墨塞桿,液體金屬便從石墨底座的管道流入與之相連的結晶器內,將石墨塞桿旋緊,液體金屬被堵住不能外流,另一端被埋在前墻爐壁內,用一塊外方內圓有錐度的耐火磚使其位置固定。
應當指出,石(shi)墨底(di)座(zuo)在(zai)砌爐(lu)時(shi)不能完全埋(mai)在(zai)石(shi)英砂中(zhong),應使其體積(ji)的(de)一半(ban)露出石(shi)英砂底(di)使它(ta)泡在(zai)熔(rong)融(rong)金(jin)屬(shu)中(zhong)和(he)金(jin)屬(shu)一同(tong)加熱,實踐證明,石(shi)墨底(di)座(zuo)完全或絕大部份(fen)被埋(mai)在(zai)石(shi)英砂內,當金(jin)屬(shu)流入結(jie)晶器之前,就(jiu)有被降低溫度而影響(xiang)拉(la)鑄。