臥式爐(lu)的爐(lu)底面(mian)比立(li)式爐(lu)的爐(lu)底面(mian)容易搗固(gu),因為金(jin)屬熔溝(gou)基本上是平放著,僅(jin)僅(jin)略帶傾(qing)斜,這有利于用(yong)鐵扦將石英砂搗結實。
臥式爐熔(rong)溝(gou)(gou)安放(fang)要呈(cheng)傾(qing)斜狀,不(bu)(bu)應完金(jin)(jin)平(ping)放(fang),傾(qing)斜度約(yue)18。,因為完全(quan)平(ping)放(fang)不(bu)(bu)利(li)于(yu)液體金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的熱(re)循(xun)(xun)環(huan),感應電爐中金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的運動,不(bu)(bu)只是(shi)由于(yu)電磁(ci)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)所引起的,同時也為熱(re)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)所引起,因為熱(re)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)與(yu)冷(leng)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的比重不(bu)(bu)一樣(yang),過熱(re)的金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)位于(yu)熔(rong)溝(gou)(gou)后(hou)面狹帶(dai)部份,較冷(leng)的金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)則(ze)在熔(rong)溝(gou)(gou)的前而和與(yu)熔(rong)溝(gou)(gou)相連的熔(rong)池(chi)內(nei),這樣(yang)就能(neng)引起金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的熱(re)循(xun)(xun)環(huan),從(cong)(cong)而使熔(rong)池(chi)內(nei)的金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)逐漸得(de)到升(sheng)熱(re)。如果將熔(rong)溝(gou)(gou)完全(quan)平(ping)放(fang),實踐證明(ming)(ming)將使金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)加(jia)熱(re)時間延(yan)長(chang),從(cong)(cong)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)上(shang)(shang)也能(neng)看到,在加(jia)熱(re)過程中,電流表上(shang)(shang)的指針(zhen)產(chan)生不(bu)(bu)停(ting)地(di)搖擺(bai),這種現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)的產(chan)生說明(ming)(ming)了熔(rong)溝(gou)(gou)內(nei)的金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)導體在不(bu)(bu)停(ting)地(di)發(fa)生瞬息斷路(lu),于(yu)是(shi)使金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)加(jia)熱(re)放(fang)慢了速度,將熔(rong)溝(gou)(gou)呈(cheng)傾(qing)斜狀安放(fang),則(ze)能(neng)改(gai)善(shan)熱(re)循(xun)(xun)環(huan)條(tiao)件,從(cong)(cong)而加(jia)快(kuai)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的加(jia)熱(re)。
筑爐安(an)(an)放(fang)熔溝時,在實際操作中必須(xu)使用量具來求(qiu)取傾(qing)斜角度(du)(du),只要在擱放(fang)熔溝前部時,砌兩層斧(fu)形(xing)(xing)磚(zhuan),將熔溝安(an)(an)放(fang)在斧(fu)形(xing)(xing)磚(zhuan)的(de)斜面上(shang),即能達到傾(qing)斜度(du)(du)的(de)要求(qiu),非常簡便。
能使保溫爐內的液體金屬直接進入結晶器內,是依靠裝置在爐身前墻內的石墨底座,實際上石墨底座既是金屬的流出口,又足使爐子與結晶器的連接器,一端伸入熔池內,在金屬流出口上安裝一個石墨制塞桿,旋開石墨塞桿,液體金屬便從石墨底座的管道流入與之相連的結晶器內,將石墨塞桿旋緊,液體金屬被堵住不能外流,另一端被埋在前墻爐壁內,用一塊外方內圓有錐度的耐火磚使其位置固定。
應當(dang)指(zhi)出(chu),石(shi)墨(mo)底(di)座在(zai)砌爐時不能完(wan)全(quan)埋在(zai)石(shi)英砂中(zhong),應使(shi)其體(ti)積的一(yi)半露出(chu)石(shi)英砂底(di)使(shi)它泡在(zai)熔融金屬(shu)中(zhong)和(he)金屬(shu)一(yi)同(tong)加熱(re),實踐證(zheng)明,石(shi)墨(mo)底(di)座完(wan)全(quan)或絕大部份被埋在(zai)石(shi)英砂內(nei),當(dang)金屬(shu)流入結晶器之前(qian),就有(you)被降低溫度而影響(xiang)拉鑄。