臥式爐(lu)的爐(lu)底(di)面比立(li)式爐(lu)的爐(lu)底(di)面容易搗固,因為金(jin)屬熔溝基(ji)本上是平放著,僅僅略帶傾斜,這有利于用鐵扦將石英砂(sha)搗結實。
臥(wo)式爐熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝安放要呈(cheng)傾(qing)斜狀(zhuang),不(bu)(bu)應(ying)完(wan)金(jin)平(ping)放,傾(qing)斜度約18。,因為(wei)(wei)完(wan)全平(ping)放不(bu)(bu)利(li)于(yu)液體(ti)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)循環(huan)(huan),感應(ying)電爐中金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)運動,不(bu)(bu)只是由于(yu)電磁(ci)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)所引起(qi)的(de)(de),同時也為(wei)(wei)熱(re)(re)(re)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)所引起(qi),因為(wei)(wei)熱(re)(re)(re)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)與(yu)冷金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)比重不(bu)(bu)一樣,過(guo)熱(re)(re)(re)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)是位于(yu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝后面狹帶部份,較冷的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)則在(zai)(zai)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝的(de)(de)前而和(he)與(yu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝相(xiang)連的(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)池(chi)(chi)內(nei),這樣就能引起(qi)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)循環(huan)(huan),從而使熔(rong)(rong)(rong)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)逐漸得到(dao)升熱(re)(re)(re)。如果將熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝完(wan)全平(ping)放,實踐(jian)證明(ming)將使金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)時間延長,從現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)上(shang)也能看到(dao),在(zai)(zai)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)過(guo)程中,電流表上(shang)的(de)(de)指針產生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)停地(di)(di)搖擺,這種現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)的(de)(de)產生(sheng)(sheng)說明(ming)了熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝內(nei)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)導體(ti)在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)停地(di)(di)發生(sheng)(sheng)瞬(shun)息斷路,于(yu)是使金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)放慢了速度,將熔(rong)(rong)(rong)溝呈(cheng)傾(qing)斜狀(zhuang)安放,則能改善(shan)熱(re)(re)(re)循環(huan)(huan)條件,從而加(jia)(jia)快金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)。
筑爐(lu)安放(fang)熔(rong)(rong)溝時,在(zai)(zai)實際(ji)操作中(zhong)必(bi)須使用量具來求(qiu)取傾斜角(jiao)度(du),只要(yao)在(zai)(zai)擱放(fang)熔(rong)(rong)溝前部時,砌兩層斧(fu)形磚,將熔(rong)(rong)溝安放(fang)在(zai)(zai)斧(fu)形磚的斜面(mian)上,即能(neng)達到傾斜度(du)的要(yao)求(qiu),非常(chang)簡便。
能使保溫爐內的液體金屬直接進入結晶器內,是依靠裝置在爐身前墻內的石墨底座,實際上石墨底座既是金屬的流出口,又足使爐子與結晶器的連接器,一端伸入熔池內,在金屬流出口上安裝一個石墨制塞桿,旋開石墨塞桿,液體金屬便從石墨底座的管道流入與之相連的結晶器內,將石墨塞桿旋緊,液體金屬被堵住不能外流,另一端被埋在前墻爐壁內,用一塊外方內圓有錐度的耐火磚使其位置固定。
應當(dang)指(zhi)出(chu),石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)底(di)座(zuo)在(zai)砌爐時不能(neng)完(wan)全埋在(zai)石(shi)(shi)英(ying)砂中,應使其體(ti)積的(de)一半露出(chu)石(shi)(shi)英(ying)砂底(di)使它泡在(zai)熔融(rong)金屬(shu)中和金屬(shu)一同加熱,實(shi)踐證明,石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)底(di)座(zuo)完(wan)全或(huo)絕大部份被埋在(zai)石(shi)(shi)英(ying)砂內,當(dang)金屬(shu)流入結(jie)晶器(qi)之前,就有被降低溫度(du)而(er)影響拉鑄(zhu)。